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Authors
Tian, Yutong
Zhu, Mengcan
Zhang, Yan
Zhang, Xinjie
Wen, Xin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (71874162)
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and has been reviewed by the Ethics Review Committee for Life Sciences of Zhengzhou University (Ethics Number: ZZUIRB2021-155), and adheres to the ethical principles of informed consent, confidentiality, and non-maleficence. All participants signed the informed consent form prior to the survey.
: An unauthorized version of the Chinese MMSE was used by the study team without permission, however this has now been rectified with PAR. The MMSE is a copyrighted instrument and may not be used or reproduced in whole or in part, in any form or language, or by any means without written permission of PAR ( ).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
