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Authors
Zhou, Kai
Shi, Boyuan
Shi, Fangye
Chen, Lei
Yuan, Jiandong
Xue, Zhiqiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Municipality (Y20220210)
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Article History
Received: 23 November 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 16 March 2026
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). All participants or their representativessigned consent forms prior to data collection. We used this data withthe consent and permission of the data owners. Clinical trial number notapplicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
