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Authors
Jamkrajang, Theepapha https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2780-3157
Wattanakitkrileart, Doungrut https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4616-230X
Wirojratana, Virapun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-9285
Satitvipawee, Pratana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-1171
Dejsomritrutai, Wanchai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5903-5465
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mahidol University
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Article History
Received: 13 August 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 19 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University (COA No. IRB-NS2021/613.1904), which is in full compliance with international guidelines for human research protection, including the Declaration of Helsinki, the Belmont Report, the CIOMS Guidelines, and the International Conference on Harmonization in Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP). All participants and their family members provided written informed consent before participating in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
