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Authors
Zhao, Shutong
Huang, Haiyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Key Project of Scientific Research in Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province (2022AH051658)
Anhui Province Teaching Research General Program (2024jyxm0387)
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 13 April 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Declarations
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: The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) was conducted with the approval of the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University. The survey data remained anonymous, and participants’ responses were protected under privacy law. Additionally, each participant provided signed informed consent in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration at the time of participation. As the survey was already ethically approved, there was no need for further ethics approval for those using the data as authorized users.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
