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Authors
Yang, Lingli
Zheng, Xiao
Wang, Run
Fan, Ziying
Xue, Benli
Xiao, Shujuan
Tang, Ke
Zhang, Mengjie
Liao, Yanming
Zhang, Chichen
Zhou, Chunlan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72274091)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72474093)
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Article History
Received: 28 June 2024
Accepted: 28 April 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) obtained ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board at Peking University (Ethics number: IRB00001052-11015). All participants volunteered to participate in the study and signed an informed consent form.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
