Sai, Huan
Ren, Jiachen
Ma, Xu
Yang, Keyao
Bai, Cici
Liu, Mengyuan
Zhao, Feifei
Chen, Huichao
Li, Xiuting
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Nursing Research Project
Article History
Received: 18 January 2026
Accepted: 30 April 2026
First Online: 2 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The Ethics Committee of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University approved the study protocol (approval number: KS2023-068-1; approval date: 1 August 2023).This study is a retrospective cohort study, exempt from informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.