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Article History

Received: 29 September 2025

Accepted: 6 May 2026

First Online: 19 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. All participants gave their informed consent prior to participation in the study. For patients with cognitive decline, informed consent was obtained from a proxy. The study was approved by the Norwegian Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REK 2016/1368 and REK 2009/450).

: Not applicable.

: I.T, LO, L.M.G, N.B.H, A.V.I, C.T.P, B.E.N, M.M, A.K, L.B.S, K.B, E.D, A.G, and A.G reports no conflicts of interest. H.Z has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Roche, and WebMD, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work).