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Article History

Received: 8 October 2025

Accepted: 13 May 2026

First Online: 10 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study used anonymized secondary data obtained from the Longevity Support Division of the Longevity Society Department, Health and Welfare Bureau of Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (Link: ), particularly regarding the protection of participant confidentiality and the responsible use of research data. In accordance with Japanese regulations, specifically the Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI) and the Ethical Guidelines for Life Science and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects issued by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW), the secondary use of anonymized administrative data does not require prior approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or ethics committee. Therefore, this study did not require submission to or approval from an ethics committee. Informed consent was not required in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. For further reference, please see Japan’s Act on the Protection of Personal Information (Link: ).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.