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Article History

Received: 4 March 2026

Accepted: 22 June 2026

First Online: 29 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand (Approval No. ET01/2025). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.