Lau, Lay Khoon
Tou, Nien Xiang
Ding, Yew Yoong
Chua, Shi Min
Chia, Hoon Woon Audrey
Ho, Kar Yen Jane
Yoong, Russell Kuok Leong
Lim, Seok Mei
Ee, Ying Hui Dina
Lai, Weng Kin
Lee, Rui Ping Marian
Chan, Bing Kit
Chan, Poh Choo
Au, Shu Yi Lydia
Pereira, Michelle Jessica
Tan, Mei Ying Melanie
Funding for this research was provided by:
Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI) Intramural Grant (GERI 1627)
Article History
Received: 26 December 2025
Accepted: 1 July 2026
First Online: 18 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Singapore National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board (No.: 2021/01147). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrolment. For participants with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, informed consent was obtained from legally authorised representatives, and assent was obtained from participants with mild cognitive impairment when possible.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.