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Authors
Zhao, Ziting
Xu, Shiyi
Jiang, Jiayuan
Lyu, Yanxia
Wang, Qian
Tian, Kan
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2025
Accepted: 8 July 2026
First Online: 13 July 2026
Declarations
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: Each participant included in this study signed a written informed consent form before taking the survey. Ethics approval for the data collection in CHARLS was obtained from the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
