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Authors
Li, Yong
Feng, Shu
Liu, Huiying
Shi, Xinzhu
Wang, Nan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Independent Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Key Specialty, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (2025SZ017)
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2026
Accepted: 24 July 2026
First Online: 28 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This analysis was performed in line with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. We utilized publicly available data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The CLHLS received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committees of Peking University and Duke University (IRB approval No. IRB00001052-13074). All survey participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
