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Authors
Xin, Jing
Han, Li
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Key Project of the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Base of the Ministry of Education, "Research on Constructing a More Equitable Medical Security System" (22JJD63003)
The Key Project of the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Base of the Ministry of Education, "Research on Constructing a More Equitable Medical Security System" (22JJD63003)
National Social Science Fund Youth Project (Project No. 24CRK010)
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Article History
Received: 1 February 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for all the CHARLS waves was granted from the Institutional Review Board at Peking University. The IRB approval numbers are IRB00001052-11015 and IRB00001052-11014. As the datasets of CHARLS are publicly available, ethical approval was not needed for this study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
