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Authors
Zheng, Xiao
Yang, Lingli
Ou, Lidan
Zhang, Ge
Liu, Kaiyi
Ma, Lijun
Zhang, Chichen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Discipline Capacity Enhancement at Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
the National Nature Science Foundation of China
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Article History
Received: 8 April 2026
Accepted: 1 September 2026
First Online: 19 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The CHARLS survey project was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University, and all participants were required to sign informed consent. The ethical approval number was IRB00001052-11015.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
