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Article History

Received: 24 July 2018

Accepted: 1 May 2019

First Online: 17 May 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethical approval for the original studies were obtained from the ethical review committee at the University of Zambia, the institutional review board of ORC Macro international, Tropical Disease and Research Centre (TDRC) ethics committee and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta research ethics review board. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all study participants and this was approved by all the ethics committees outlined above. The consent was obtained by the data collectors reading out the consent statement and signing the consent form, indicating whether consent was given or refused. For minors aged 15–17 years parental consent/permission was obtained from the parents or guardians before obtaining assent from the minor.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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