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Article History

Received: 14 March 2018

Accepted: 8 May 2019

First Online: 14 May 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: All project staff were trained in the fundamentals of ethical principles and good research practices, which emphasized respect of persons and privacy. All staff involved in this work signed a Confidentiality Agreement, which prohibited them from sharing confidential information. No personal identifiers were collected. All written and digital records were kept in a secured and locked area on password protected servers. Analysis datasets were identified by study IDs. The University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (UNZABREC) and the Zambian National Health Research Authority (NHRA) approved the study. Written Informed consent was obtained from participants before engaging them in the study.

: Written Consent to publish was obtained from participants before engaging them in the study.

: At the time of the study BDG worked for AMP which received grant support from GSK, Merck, Pfizer, and Sanofi Pasteur; currently he is employed by Pfizer Vaccines.

: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.