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Article History

Received: 15 November 2019

Accepted: 8 April 2020

First Online: 23 April 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: As the retrospective data collection did not interfere with routine clinical practice and data were safely encoded, the local ethics committee (Ethikkommission Norwest- und Zentralschweiz; No. 2016–01244) approved the study in compliance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments, and patients’ consent was waived. The data were anonymized before their use. As all researchers involved in the data collection and analyses were medical employees of the hospital, no additional administrative permissions and/or licenses were acquired by our team to access the data used in our research and no further permission from the hospital was required to access the medical records of patients.We confirm that we have read the Journal’s position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines.

: Not applicable.

: None of the authors report conflicts of interests relevant to this study.Tolga Dittrich received a personal grant from the Scientific Society Basel.Stephan Marsch reports no disclosures.Adrian Egli reports no disclosures.Stephan Rüegg received unconditional research grants from UCB and CSL Behring. He received honoraria from serving on the scientific advisory boards of Desitin, Eisai, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer and UCB, travel grants from Desitin, speaker fees from UCB and Novartis, compensations from serving as a consultant for Novartis, Sandoz and UCB. He is co-PI of the Swiss National Found Grant #320030_169379 / 1. He serves as president on the board of the Swiss League against Epilepsy and is on the editorial board of EPILETOLOGIE and the SWISS EEG BULLETIN. He does not hold any stocks of any pharmaceutical companies or manufacturers of medical devices.Gian Marco De Marchis was or is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation; Science Funds [Wissenschaftsfonds] of the University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Bangerter-Rhyner-Stiftung; Swisslife Jubiläumsstiftung for Medical Research; Swiss Neurological Society; Fondazione Dr. Ettore Balli; De Quervain research grant; Thermo Fisher GmbH. He received travel and advisory board honoraria by Bayer and speaker honoraria by Medtronic and BMS/Pfizer.Sarah Tschudin-Sutter is a member of the Astellas and MSD Advisory Boards for <i>C. difficile</i>, of the Pfizer Antiinfectives Advisory Board for and reports grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation NRP72 (407240_167060), the Bangerter-Rhyner Stiftung, the Fonds zur Förderung von Lehre und Forschung der Freiwilligen Akademischen Gesellschaft Basel, and the Jubiläumsstiftung from Swiss Life.Raoul Sutter received research grants from the Swiss National Foundation (No 320030_169379), the Research Fund of the University Basel, the Scientific Society Basel, and the Bangerter-Rhyner Foundation. He received personal grants from UCB-pharma and holds stocks from Novartis, Roche and Johnson & Johnson.