Zhao, Yuan
Rao, Amrita http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-2418
Wirtz, Andrea L.
Umar, Eric
Trapence, Gift
Jumbe, Vincent
Ketende, Sosthenes
Kamba, Dunker
Beyrer, Chris
Baral, Stefan
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Agency for International Development (GHH-I-00-07-00032-00)
Article History
Received: 23 October 2019
Accepted: 30 July 2020
First Online: 10 August 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Ethical approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Research activities were reviewed and approved by the Malawi College of Medicine Ethics and Research Committee and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Institutional Review Board.Informed consent: Verbal informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study and the process was approved by Malawi College of Medicine Ethics and Research Committee and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Institutional Review Board. A waiver of written consent was obtained to ensure anonymity and safety of study participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.