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Article History

Received: 20 October 2020

Accepted: 10 May 2021

First Online: 11 June 2021

Declarations

:

: This analysis was registered with North West London Pathology hosted by Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust as a service evaluation (reference PAT_012) to investigate BC contamination rates. Ethics approval and individual consent was not indicated for this ecological level analysis reporting only aggregated data which was anonymised at the point of extraction. The aggregated data was analysed in accordance with the UK Secretary of State for Health and Social care notice that stipulated that patient data for COVID-19 purposed may be used for research under the Health Service Control of Patient Information Regulations (2002). Administrative permission was not required to access the raw data.

: Not applicable.

: LSPM has consulted for/received speaker fees from DNAelectronics (2015–18), Dairy Crest (2017–2018), Profile Pharma (2018), Eumedica (2016–2021), Umovis Lab (2020–2021), bioMerieux (2013–2021), and Pfizer (2018–2021), and received research grants from the National Institute for Health Research (2013–2019), and CW+ Charity (2018–2021). GS is currently supported by a Clinical Academic Research Partnership awarded by the Medical Research Council. SJCP has received a research grant from the Scientific Exploration Society. NM has received speaker fees from Beyer (2016) and Pfizer (2019-2021) and received educational support from Eumedica (2016) and Baxter (2017).All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.