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Authors
Chomistek, Andrea K.
Liang, Caihua
Doherty, Michael C.
Clifford, C. Robin
Ogilvie, Rachel P.
Gately, Robert V.
Song, Jennifer N.
Enger, Cheryl
Lin, Nancy D.
Wang, Florence T.
Seeger, John D.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Optum Epidemiology
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Article History
Received: 5 April 2021
Accepted: 13 April 2022
First Online: 29 April 2022
Declarations
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: Not applicable because this study utilized a commercially available, de-identified database. No administrative permissions were required for this study as this database has been certified as de-identified by an independent statistical expert following Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act statistical de-identification rules and managed according to Optum<sup>®</sup> customer data use agreements. As no study team members had access to patient identifiers linked to the data, review by an ethics committee or institutional review board was not required, nor was consent to participate.
: Not applicable.
: AKC, CL, MCD, CRC, RPO, RVG, JNS, CE, FTW, and JDS are employees of Optum receiving stock and/or stock options in UnitedHealth Group. NDL was formerly an employee of Optum and is currently an employee of IQVIA.
