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Article History

Received: 7 June 2021

Accepted: 24 May 2022

First Online: 6 June 2022

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained before the start of the study. Local ethical approval was obtained from the Kenyatta National Hospital and University of Nairobi Institutional Review Board (P339/06/2013). The protocol was also reviewed by the Associate Director of Science, Center for Global Health at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in line with human research protection procedures and was determined to be research, but CDC investigators did not interact with human subjects or have access to identifiable data for research purposes. Anonymity and confidentiality of data was strictly maintained. This was a retrospective study, therefore consent from study participants was waived by the Kenyatta National Hospital and University of Nairobi institutional review board. All the study procedures were done in conformity with Kenya Government, Ministry of Health, CDC and local IRB guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.