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Article History

Received: 11 March 2022

Accepted: 10 January 2023

First Online: 24 January 2023

Declarations

:

: All participants gave their written informed consent for the study procedures. The study was approved by local ethics committee of the University of Bonn (Nr. 069/10 and 197/11) and was conducted in accordance with the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: Jonel Trebicka is supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB TRR57 to P18), European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Galaxy, No. 668031 and MICROB-PREDICT, No. 825694) and Societal Challenges—Health, Demographic Change and Wellbeing (No. 731875), and Cellex Foundation (PREDICT). Jonel Trebicka has received speaking and/or consulting fees from Gore, MSD, Grifols, Versantis, and Falk Pharma. Jürgen Kurt Rockstroh has received honoraria for speaking at educational eventsor consulting from Abivax, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen, Merck, Theratechnologies and ViiV. JKR is past-president of the European Clinical AIDS Society and co-chair of EuroTEST. Christoph Boesecke has received honoraria for lectures and/or consultancies from AbbVie, Gilead, Janssen, MSD, ViiV. Funding from Dt. Leberstiftung, DZIF, Hector Stiftung and NEAT ID. Diana J. Leeming, Morten A. Karsdal, and Mette J Nielsen are employees of Nordic Bioscience, a company engaged in the development of biochemical markers. Morten A. Karsdal, Diana J. Leeming and Mette J Nielsen are stockholders of Nordic Bioscience. All authors declare that they have no competing interests related to this work.