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Article History

Received: 30 April 2022

Accepted: 9 May 2023

First Online: 24 May 2023

Declarations

:

: The study protocol, including the consent forms and procedures, was approved by the WHO Ethical Research Committee (07 August, 2019, reference: ERC 0003181), the National Ethics Committee of Life Sciences and Health of Côte d’ Ivoire (28 May 2019, reference: ERC 0003181; 049–19/MSHP/CNESVS-kp), the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Bamako, Mali (14 August, 2019, reference: 2019/88/CE/FMPOS), and the National Ethics Committee for Health Research of Senegal (26 July, 2019, protocol SEN19/32). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical conditions of the research. Prior to interviews initiation, an information sheet was read to participants and translated into the local language when necessary. All participants signed a consent form to participate in the study, as well as for the audio recordings. Verbal consent was collected with phone interview participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.