Elias, Christelle
Ha, Nay Thi
Sengvilaipaserth, Onanong
Phaychith, Athip
Chansamouth, Vilada
Phongsavath, Valy
Keohavong, Bounxou
Detleuxay, Khamsay
Maniphonh, Phaylinh
Soukhaseum, Thongphout
Vanhems, Philippe
Babin, François-Xavier
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fleming Fund Country Grant 2 (FF86-492)
Article History
Received: 18 March 2024
Accepted: 15 July 2024
First Online: 13 August 2024
Declarations
:
: Ethics approval and informed consent by individual patient were not required for monitoring antibiotic use in Lao PDR, as it was implemented as a routine surveillance activity. No patient identifiable data were collected during the survey, which was conducted with approval from Luang Prabang hospital, the National Ethical Committee for Health Research and the Lao Ministry of Health In addition, according the WHO Methodology for Point Prevalence Survey on Antibiotic Use in Hospitals 2018 [], ethical clearance depends on local and national requirements and is not mandatory because the PPS was designed for public health surveillance purposes. According to the International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans [], neither an ethical review nor a waiver of consent is needed when study is mandated by national authorities. According the National Action Plan of Lao PDR 2019–2023 [], AMR activities were covered by one national policy on surveillance and control of infectious diseases (May 2014) and one law on prevention and control of infectious diseases (November 2017). Therefore, this survey was not subjected to ethical review or informed consent requirements as per international, national, and local regulations governing ethics and consent to participate.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.