Akorli, Jewelna
Opoku, Millicent
Appiah-Twum, Francis
Akpo, Margaret Sena
Ismail, Rahmat Yusif
Boamah, Georgina Yaa Kwartemaa
Obeng-Aboagye, Elizabeth
Adu-Asamoah, Dina
Donkor, Irene Owusu
Article History
Received: 31 August 2023
Accepted: 17 September 2024
First Online: 20 September 2024
Declarations
:
: Two sets of samples were used in this study. The pre-vaccination samples were retrospective naso-oropharyngeal samples previously collected at or sent to the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, during the peak of the pandemic. Ethical approval (004/20–21) for use of these samples for COVID-19 research was provided by the Noguchi Institutional Ethical Review Board (Federal Assurance #: 00001824), and consent was waived. Prospective samples for the post-vaccination analyses were drawn from a larger approved project (025/21–22) that collected naso-oropharyngeal swabs and data on the vaccination status of consenting participants. All samples were recoded to ensure anonymity.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.