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Authors
Zhang, Xingna
Cheyne, Christopher P.
Jones, Christopher
Humann, Michael
Leeming, Gary
Smith, Claire
Hughes, David M.
Burnside, Girvan
Dodd, Susanna
Penrice-Randal, Rebekah
Dong, Xiaofeng
Semple, Malcolm G.
Neal, Tim
Tunkel, Sarah
Fowler, Tom
Turtle, Lance
García-Fiñana, Marta
Buchan, Iain E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-1650
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UK Health Security Agency (SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return, SMART Release & Return)
Economic and Social Research Council (ES/L011840/1)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR200910, NIHR200907, NIHR200907, NIHR200910, NIHR200910)
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (75F40120C00085, 75F40120C00085, 75F40120C00085)
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2024
Accepted: 29 October 2024
First Online: 11 November 2024
Declarations
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: The study protocol was developed with the UK Covid-19 Testing Initiatives Evaluation Board (TIEB) and approved by UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) Urgent Studies Ethics Committee. TIEB was part of the UK Covid-19 testing initiatives evaluation programme, which included academics and public health professionals independent of this study. The motivation for the study came from a request by Merseyside Resilience Forum to UKHSA and NHS England to vary Covid-19 testing policies in response to dangerous levels of NHS staff absence in December 2021. TIEB signed off the study protocol on 4th January 2022 and UKHSA Research Support and Governance Office approved the study on 25th January 2022 as NR0308. The sponsor code for this study is UoL001685 and trial registration code IRAS ID 311842; .
: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at and declare: funding from the Department of Health and Social Care, Economic and Social Research Council, and National Institute for Health and Care Research; no support from any organisation for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. IB, TF and MGS were members of the UK Covid-19 Testing Initiatives Evaluation Board but did not take part in sessions where this study was adjudicated. The City of Liverpool received a donation from Innova Medical Group towards the foundation of the Pandemic Institute but neither Innova Medical Group or any other commercial entity gave any support to this study or had any participation in it. Lateral Flow Test supply and company interactions was handled independently by the UK Health Security Agency. LT has received consulting fees from MHRA; and from AstraZeneca and Synairgen, paid to the University of Liverpool; speakers’ fees from Eisai Ltd, and support for conference attendance from AstraZeneca.
