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Article History

Received: 7 September 2024

Accepted: 3 December 2024

First Online: 18 December 2024

Declarations

:

: This study is part of a doctoral research project, which has been approved by the Scientific Council of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Batna 2, Algeria and performed on bacterial isolates involving anonymous patients’ data in accordance with the institutional ethical committee requirements. To safeguard patients’ privacy and confidentiality, their medical records were anonymized and de-identified. The research team maintained no direct contact or follow-up with the patients. Given the retrospective observational nature of the study, where data collection occurred after patients’ discharge or death. For this reason formal constent was not necessary according to the Ethics Committee of Batna University Hospital Center, Algeria.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.