Article History
Received: 4 September 2024
Accepted: 11 December 2024
First Online: 14 January 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethics clearance and approval were obtained from the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC) of the Ministry of Health Malaysia [NMRR ID-23-01759-ZOY (IIR)] and the Research Ethics Committee from the National University of Malaysia [UKM PPI/111/8/JEP-2023-201] prior to the conduct of this study. We also obtain permission from the Director of Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia who is the custodian of the data required for this study. The assigned healthcare personnel obtained informed consent from patients prior to initiating data collection at the hospital level, ensuring that individuals are fully aware of the purpose, process, and potential implications of their participation. Patient names were kept on a password-protected database and were linked only with a study identification number. All the data involved in this study are restricted to use by the investigator.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.