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Authors
Shawa, Misheck
Hayashida, Kyoko
Nao, Naganori
Paudel, Atmika
Kamboyi, Harvey
Chambaro, Herman
Mulavu, Malala
Khumalo, Cynthia Sipho
Nundwe, Mike
Zorigt, Tuvshinzaya
Nakamura, Chinatsu
Qiu, Yongjin
Kawai, Naoko
Kasanga, Maisa
Chizimu, Joseph
Moonga, Lavel
Ndebe, Joseph
Simbotwe, Manyando
Ogata, Shohei
Samutela, Mulemba
Nakajima, Chie
Chilengi, Roma
Mutengo, Mable
Kajihara, Masahiro
Sawa, Hirofumi
Hang’ombe, Bernard
Suzuki, Yasuhiko
Higashi, Hideaki
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21K15430)
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan, for the Joint Research Program of the Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control (JP223fa627005)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP23wm0125008)
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2024
Accepted: 11 February 2025
First Online: 16 April 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Levy Mwanawasa Medical University Research Ethics Committee (Reference number LMMU-REC00003/21). In addition, the authority to conduct research was granted by the National Health Research Authority (Reference Number NHRA000020/28/12/2021). Furthermore, permission to collect samples was obtained from respective District Health Offices, Ministry of Health under the Government of the Republic of Zambia. Written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from each participant or caretaker. Finally, to maintain anonymity, patient identifiers were not included in the collected data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
