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Authors
Langat, Rither
Burns, Natalie
Daud, Ibrahim
Kibuuka, Hannah
Owuoth, John
Sing’oei, Valentine
Maswai, Jonah
Parker, Zahra
Tiamiyu, Abdulwasiu
Bahemana, Emmanuel
Gervas, Reginald
Dear, Nicole F.
Frndak, Seth
Parikh, Ajay P.
Duff, Emma R.
Imbach, Michelle
Omar, Badryah
Hern, Jaclyn
Shah, Neha
Ake, Julie A.
Crowell, Trevor A.
Romo, Matthew L.
,
Reynolds, Alexus
Cebula, Brennan
Bartolanzo, Danielle
Schluck, Glenna
Patterson, Jacob
Chambers, Jillian
Lombardi, Kara
Bohince, Kimberly
Eller, Leigh Anne
Scheibler, Linsey
Schmitz, Mary
Agaba, Patricia
Cavanaugh, Sean
Mebrahtu, Tsedal
Mukanza, Agatha Mugagga
Lutaaya, Alfred
Nakirijja, Anne
Okanyakure, Benard
Mwesigwa, Betty
Kafeero, Cate
Nabanoba, Christine
Nanteza, Christine
Bagenda, Claire Nakazzi
Birabwa, Estella
Najjuma, Evelyn
Musingye, Ezra
Magala, Fred
Ssentogo, Freddie
Zziwa, Godfrey
Mirembe, Grace
Nabirye, Harriet
Birungi, Hellen
Mutebe, Hilda
Kenoly, Isaac Kato
Namugabo, Jacqueline
Semwogerere, Michael
Waiswa, Michael
Wangiri, Paul
Namulondo, Phiona
Naluyima, Prossy
Tumusiime, Richard
Wasswa, Ronald Ephraim
Namanda, Sylvia
Vasireddy, Vamsi
Ngeno, Aaron
Koech, Aggrey
Airo, Alice
Ngtech, Bornes
Langat, Brayan
Ochieng, Christopher
Langat, Deborah
Langat, Edwin
Opiyo, Francis
Engoke, Grace
Kiptoo, Ignatius
Metet, Irene
Tsikhutsu, Isaac
Ngeno, Janet
Towett, Japhet
Kapkiai, Joan
Rotich, Joshua
Kosgei, Josphat
Labosso, Kennedy
Cheruiyot, Leonard
Rotich, Linner
Korir, Lucy
Leelgo, Mary
Chelimo, Mercy
Obonyo, Michael
Bii, Mike
Langat, Raphael
Ndungu, Salome
Kiprotich, Samuel
Ontango, Susan
Rono, Triza
Kirui, Wilfred
Kesi, Zeddy Bett
Atieno, Agnes
Ogari, Celine
Okwaro, Charles
Njoroge, Doris
Modi, Elkanah
Suja, George
Aoko, Iddah
Oyieko, Janet
Meyo, Joseph
Obambo, Kennedy
Nyawanda, Lovet
Otieno, Lucas
Ohaga, Michal
Adimo, Oscar
Omolo, Paul
Otieno, Solomon
Achieng, Trizer
Rehema, Winnie
Mkondoo, Dorothy
Myegeta, Eliud
Mbwayu, Faraja
David, Gloria
Kisonga, Goodluck
Mwaisanga, Gwamaka
Laiton, Happy
Likiliwike, Janeth
Mwamwaja, Jaquiline
Njegite, John
Msigwa, Johnisius
Mwandumbya, Laban
Maganga, Lucas
Mwaipopo, Mtasi
Mkingule, Naima
Kiliba, Paschal
Edwin, Peter
Mkinga, Raphael
Minde, Restituta
Bruno, Rose
Kaduma, Vumilia
Olomi, Willyhelmina
Suleiman, Aminu
Okon, Blessing Edet
Okolo, Chisara
Odo, Felicia Anayochukwu
Jegede, Feyisayo
Nwandu, Helen
Okoye, Ifeanyi
Chigbu-Ukaegbu, Ijeoma
Umeji, Lawrence
Asuquo, Mfreke
Okeke, Ndubuisi
Eze, Onyinye
Akiga, Rosemary
Mohammed, Samirah
Odeyemi, Sunday
Ramatu, Abdulkadir
Adelakun, Adewale
Akinwale, Aire Commodore Edward
Wilson, Blessing Irekpitan
Ibeanu, Chiamaka Modesta
Agbaim, Concilia Uzoamaka
Elizabeth, Elekwa Chinenye
Faith, Igiri
Elemere, Jacinta
Nwalozie, Jumoke Titilayo
Awesu, Sulaimon
Efut, Maj Christian Etim
Obiageli, Ndubuisi Rosemary
Harrison, Nkechinyere
Nkiru, Nnadi Theodora
Owanza, Obende Theresa
Lauretta, Obilor Ifeoma
Adegbite, Olutunde Ademola
Eluwa, Rachael
Natalie, Uzoegwu Amaka
Idi, Victoria
Adamu, Yakubu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. National Institutes of Health (RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442, RF1 MH133442)
cooperative agreement (W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040, W81XWH-18-2-0040)
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Department of Defense.
Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., and the U.S. Department of Defense
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2024
Accepted: 19 February 2025
First Online: 12 March 2025
Declarations
:
: The African Cohort Study was approved by institutional review boards of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring, MD, USA; Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Tanzania National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya, Tanzania; Nigerian Ministry of Defence, Abuja, Nigeria; and all collaborating institutions. All participants provided written informed consent prior to any study procedures. All work was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
