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Authors
Takramah, Wisdom Kwami
Afrane, Yaw Asare
Aheto, Justice Moses K.
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Article History
Received: 3 May 2024
Accepted: 11 March 2025
First Online: 28 March 2025
Declarations
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: The 2014 GDHS, 2016 and 2019 GMIS protocols were reviewed and approved by the Ghana Health Service Ethical Review Committee and the Institutional Review Board of ICF International. Thus, ethical permission for the current study was not needed since the required GDHS dataset was available publicly. However, ethical procedures were strictly observed at the time of the GDHS and GMIS surveys to ensure that human rights were protected as required by US Department of Health and Human Services. Detail information on DHS data and ethical standards can be accessed at: .
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
