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Authors
Mutala, Abdul-Hakim
Afriyie, Stephen Opoku
Addison, Thomas Kwame
Antwi, Kwasi Baako
Troth, Emma V.
Vera-Arias, Claudia A.
Badu-Tawiah, Abraham
Addo, Matthew Glover
Koepfli, Cristian
Badu, Kingsley
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01-AI- 143809)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (005898)
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (TMA2016CDF1605)
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Article History
Received: 22 November 2024
Accepted: 2 April 2025
First Online: 16 April 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Committee on Human Research, Publication and Ethics of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, School of Medical Sciences and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (CHRPE/AP/030/20), and the ethics review board of University of Notre Dame, USA (approval no. 19–04 - 5321). This study adhered to the principles and guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Before sample collection, written informed consent was obtained from participants aged 18 years and above. For children between the ages of 8 to 17 years, consent of a parent or legal guardian was obtained, followed by written assent of the child.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
