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Article History

Received: 4 February 2025

Accepted: 15 April 2025

First Online: 23 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study adopted the ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration regarding human experimentation (Fortaleza, Brasil, 2013). The present study was exempt from additional review by the local ethics research committee of Hospital Clinico San Carlos (Madrid, Spain) as all data were deidentified.

: Not applicable.

: Informed consent was not requested because the data were anonymized from the information in the minimum data set. As specified in national and European regulations, data protection and informed consent requirements do not apply to anonymous data in which patient identification is not possible. This is explicitly stated in Regulation 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council: “The principles of data protection should therefore not apply to anonymous information, namely information which does not relate to an identified or identifiable natural person or to personal data rendered anonymous in such a manner that the data subject is not or no longer identifiable”.

: The authors declare no competing interests.