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Authors
Cobbinah, Alhaji Ibrahim https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3360-5000
Idan, Jacob Solomon
Boakye, Kingsley
Enimil, Anthony
Mensah, Nicholas Karikari
Adangabe, Ebenezer
Abdulai, Sulemana Baba
Martyn-Dickens, Charles
Mohammed, Aliyu
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2024
Accepted: 29 April 2025
First Online: 6 May 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Committee on Human Research, Publications and Ethics (CHRPE) of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH IRB/AP/097/24). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki regarding ethical standards for research involving human subjects. The need for individual patient consent was waived by the ethics committee as this was a retrospective review of routinely collected data with no direct patient contact, and all data were de-identified prior to analysis to ensure patient confidentiality and privacy.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
