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Article History

Received: 18 July 2024

Accepted: 30 April 2025

First Online: 14 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Each country had different funders and Institutional Review Boards (IRB). Some crowdsourcing open calls are organized as non-research programs for several reasons. These include the preference of local communities to simplify and streamline participation procedures, enhancing the agency of the community over the research team, and focusing primarily on addressing community needs. Additionally, such initiatives operate within a framework of terms and conditions that clearly outline the rights and responsibilities of participants. Discussions with IRBs are conducted to determine the most appropriate ethical mechanism for assessing these activities [].For the Australian open call, ethics approval was obtained from the Alfred Hospital Ethics Committee, Melbourne, Australia (project number 266/22). The Philippines open call obtained ethics approval from the University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (2022–0282-01). All participants were provided with a participant information sheet, and informed consent was implied by submitting ideas. The IRB from the Faculty of Medicine at Chulalongkorn University granted an ethics waiver for the open call in Thailand, as the study involved no assigned harmful intervention, posed no risk to participants, and collected limited personal information. China's open call was granted an ethics waiver due to limited personal information solicitation and anonymous treatment, minimizing potential harm to participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.