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Authors
Brainard, Julii
Lake, Iain R.
Morbey, Roger A.
Elliot, Alex J.
Hunter, Paul R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR200890)
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Article History
Received: 23 January 2025
Accepted: 15 May 2025
First Online: 29 May 2025
Declarations
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: The research adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki 2024. The anonymised health data used in this study were either published (freely and fully in the public domain) or collected and aggregated as part of the public health function of the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). UKHSA has access to a range of data sources under Regulation 3 (Health Protection) of The Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002. Under the terms of that access, internal review by the.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: the UKHSA Research Support and Governance Office agreed that this study fell outside the remit for ethical review. This decision was in accordance with the revised guidance in the Governance Arrangements for Research Ethics Committees that was released in September 2011.
