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Article History

Received: 14 February 2025

Accepted: 11 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol and the waiver of informed consent were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University (Approval No. 2024258). The waiver was granted because this retrospective study analyzed anonymized bacterial isolates, involved no additional clinical interventions, and strictly protected patient confidentiality through data de-identification.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.