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Article History

Received: 20 March 2025

Accepted: 16 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Research Committee Board (IRB: 00012281, FWA: 0002888; Reference No. SMHS-MU1-2025-28) and the National Health Research Authority, Zambia (NHRA8108/25/02/2025) on February 25, 2025. Written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the minimal risk posed to participants. To ensure confidentiality, patient information was anonymized, and all data were encrypted using encryption within the data collection and analysis tool. Access to the data was strictly restricted to the study authors through password-protected systems and minimizing the risk of unauthorized access or disclosure.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.