Mugo, Michael
Musyoki, Abednego
Makumi, Angela
Mutai, Ivy
Kering, Kelvin
Muturi, Peter
Kebenei, Collins
Weber, Kristin
Pietsch, Michael
Pilz, Tanja
Drechsel, Oliver
Hoffmann, Tobias
Wieler, Lothar
Mbae, Cecilia
Flieger, Antje
Kariuki, Samuel
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Wl 1436/13-1, FL 359/9-1, Wl 1436/13-1)
Article History
Received: 20 January 2025
Accepted: 2 July 2025
First Online: 24 July 2025
Declarations
:
: There are no human or animal participants in this study, hence no consent requirement. However, approval to conduct the study was granted by Kenyatta University graduate school (Ref No: Pl 54/20269/2020). Ethical approval was obtained from the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) through the Scientific and Ethics Review Unit (study No., KEMRI/SERU/CMR/P00185/4448). Additionally, a research permit was issued by the National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation (License No, NACOSTI/P/22/18422). Permit to ship DNA samples for sequencing to Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany was obtained from KEMRI and National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Kenya, (Ref No: NEMA/AGR/182/2023).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.