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Authors
Gu, Qingze
Yuan, Kevin
Wei, Jia
Yoon, Chang Ho
Danielsen, Anders Skyrud
Luk, Augustine
Eyre, David W.
Walker, A. Sarah
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance (NIHR200915, NIHR200915, NIHR200915)
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Article History
Received: 27 March 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 5 August 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the National Research Ethics Service South Central Oxford C Research Ethics Committee (19/SC/0403) and the National Confidentiality Advisory Group (19/CAG/0144). The requirement for informed consent from the study subjects was waived by the National Research Ethics Service South Central Oxford C Research Ethics Committee (19/SC/0403) and the National Confidentiality Advisory Group (19/CAG/0144), UK, under Sect. 251 of the NHS Act 2006. Patients who choose to opt out of their data being used in research are not included in the study. The study was carried out in accordance with all relevant guidelines and regulations, and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
