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Authors
Chemaitelly, Hiam
Ayoub, Houssein H.
Coyle, Peter
Tang, Patrick
Hasan, Mohammad R.
Yassine, Hadi M.
Al Thani, Asmaa A.
Al-Kanaani, Zaina
Al-Kuwari, Einas
Jeremijenko, Andrew
Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan
Latif, Ali Nizar
Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad
Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F.
Nasrallah, Gheyath K.
Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith
Butt, Adeel A.
Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid
Al-Thani, Mohamed H.
Al-Khal, Abdullatif
Bertollini, Roberto
Abu-Raddad, Laith J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qatar Research, Development and Innovation Council (ARG02-0402-240119, ARG02-0402-240119)
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Article History
Received: 29 March 2025
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 17 August 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the institutional review boards at Hamad Medical Corporation (reference number: MRC–01–20–1078) and Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar (reference number: 20–00017) and a waiver of informed consent was also approved by the institutional review boards at Hamad Medical Corporation (reference number: MRC–01–20–1078) and Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: Dr. Butt has received institutional grant funding from Gilead Sciences unrelated to the work presented in this paper. Otherwise, we declare no competing interests.
