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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Department-level Project of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (KY-GW-2025-23, KY-GW-2025-23, KY-GW-2025-23, KY-GW-2025-23)
Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (22Y11901000, 22Y11901000, 22Y11901000, 22Y11901000)
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
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: This research was conducted in compliance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration. All stages of the study received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Approval No.: 2025-S038-03). All patients have provided their informed consent by signing the pan-consent form. Therefore, the Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center granted an exemption from additional informed consent under Article 39 of the ‘Measures for the Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Humans.’
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
