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Article History

Received: 9 May 2025

Accepted: 24 July 2025

First Online: 13 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This research is retrospective and involved collection of existing data and records; no additional samples were obtained specifically for research purposes. This study was carried out following the Helsinki Declaration. All patient-related data were anonymized to protect their privacy, and no identifiable patient information was included in the study. The ethical committee at the community department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum had approved all procedures of the study and provided a waiver for written informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.