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Authors
Nyarango, Brenda K.
Owuor, D. Collins
Isoe, Everlyne
Mutunga, Martin
Cheruiyot, Robinson
Katama, Esther N.
Makori, Timothy
Lambisia, Arnold
Nyiro, Joyce
Githinji, George
Kiguli, Sarah
Olupot-Olupot, Peter
Maitland, Kathryn
Agoti, Charles N.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Career Development Award (226002/Z/22/Z and 226002/A/22/Z)
Medical Research Council (MR/L004364/1)
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Article History
Received: 14 May 2025
Accepted: 24 July 2025
First Online: 29 August 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approvals for the study protocols and procedures were obtained from the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Scientific and Ethics Review Unit (SERU), Nairobi, Kenya under study protocol numbers 3433 (KCH), 3103 (KHDSS) (KEMRI/SERU/CGMRC-C/0053/3300 and amendment C 215/4109), Makerere University REC (2016–030 and the amendment 2020–155) in Uganda and Imperial College London Research Ethics Committee (15IC3100). Participants or their parents/caregivers (if under 18 years of age) provided written informed consent to take part in the study. All research conducted in this study adhered to and was in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration.
: Not applicable for this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
