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Authors
Wang, Jianjun
Chen, Xi
Chen, Sirui
Hu, Zhaohui
Liu, Yancheng
Shi, Ruizi
Qin, Chuan
Gong, Jianping
Zeng, Xintao
Wang, Decai
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Grant no.2023HYX032)
Scientifc Research Project of Mianyang Health Commission (Grant no. 201926)
Clinical Special Project of Mianyang Central Hospital (Grant no.2024LC007)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.82400758)
Health Commission of Sichuan Province Medical Science and Technology Program (Grant no.24QNMP028)
Medical Research Youth Innovation Project of Sichuan Province, China (Grant no.Q23046)
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Article History
Received: 12 March 2025
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted using the MIMIC-IV (v3.0) database, a publicly available, de-identified dataset of critically ill patients. Access to the database and use of its data were approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The IRBs of MIT and BIDMC also waived the requirement for individual informed consent because all patient data in the MIMIC-IV database are fully anonymized before public release and the study was retrospective in nature. Researchers are granted access to the MIMIC-IV database only after completing the required Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI) program and obtaining certification in human subjects research. Our research team has completed the necessary training and obtained authorization to use the database for academic purposes. The research adhered to the ethical principles set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all data usage complied with applicable regulations on privacy, data access, and ethical conduct, ensuring transparency, integrity, and ethical rigor throughout the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
