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Authors
Tasew, Geremew
Abdella, Saro
Bejiga, Birra
Ejeta, Eshetu
Gizachew, Lehageru
Lisanwork, Leuel
Bati, Feyiso
Abate, Ebba
Negash, Legesse
Bonger, Zelalem
Miquel, Joan
Mazuguni, Festo
Mekuria, Zelalem
Alinon, Kokou Nouwame
Shu-Hua, Wang
Ogwell Ouma, Ahmed E.
Moges, Hiwot
Gebreyes, Wondwossen
Tollera, Getachew
Tessema, Masresha
Williams, Desmond E.
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 25 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Scientific and Ethical Research Office (SERO) of the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) (Protocol No. EPHI-IRB-439–2022, Meeting No. 107, Approval Date: 04 June 2022). The study was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration. Before enrollment, all potential participants were informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and protections in their local language. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant for interviews, blood sample collection, and subsequent testing.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
