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Article History

Received: 4 January 2024

Accepted: 19 August 2025

First Online: 24 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted after it was ethically reviewed and approved by the college of medicine and health sciences, Wollo University ethical review committee and statistics of the ministry of health development in Hargeisa City, Somaliland. Permission obtained from the hospitals that the data collection was carried out and also the NEEDLE hospital in which the laboratory tests were done. Moreover, before commencing the study, written informed consent was obtained from the parent/guardians of each study participant. Subject confidentiality and any other special data security requirements were maintained and assured. The result of culture positive patients was linked to the health care facilities for better clinical management. The study was conducted in strict accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, which guides research involving human participants. These principles emphasize respect for individuals, their right to make informed decisions, and the necessity to ensure their welfare and privacy throughout the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.