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Authors
Lombardi, Andrea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0383-9579
Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2385-1759
Mangioni, Davide
Mariani, Bianca
Muscatello, Antonio
Muccio, Marco
Aldieri, Chiara
Briano, Federica
Cacopardo, Bruno
Calabresi, Alessandra
Capra Marzani, Federico
Carretta, Anna
Cattelan, Annamaria
Ceccarelli, Luca
Cenderello, Giovanni
Corcione, Silvia
Cortegiani, Andrea
Cultrera, Rosario
De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe
Del Bono, Valerio
Del Puente, Filippo
Fanelli, Chiara
Fava, Fiorenza
Francisci, Daniela
Geremia, Nicholas
Graziani, Lucia
Losito, Angela Raffaella
Maida, Ivana
Marino, Andrea
Mazzitelli, Maria
Merli, Marco
Monardo, Roberta
Mularoni, Alessandra
Oltolini, Chiara
Pallotto, Carlo
Pontali, Emanuele
Raffaelli, Francesca
Rinaldi, Matteo
Ripa, Marco
Santantonio, Teresa Antonia
Serino, Francesco Saverio
Spinicci, Michele
Torti, Carlo
Trecarichi, Enrico Maria
Tumbarello, Mario
Mikulska, Malgorzata
Vena, Antonio
Bandera, Alessandra
Bassetti, Matteo
,
Marelli, Cristina
Di Pilato, Vincenzo
Signori, Alessio
Labate, Laura
Russo Artimagnella, Chiara
Giacomini, Mauro
Marchese, Anna
Murgia, Ylenia
Di Meco, Gabriele
Cappello, Alice
Guastavino, Sabrina
Campi, Cristina
Piana, Michele
Mora, Sara
Rosso, Nicola
Di Biagio, Antonio
Viglietti, Giulia
Brunetti, Iole
Robba, Chiara
Ball, Lorenzo
Battaglini, Denise
Portunato, Federica
Giannella, Maddalena
Viale, Pierluigi
Viero, Giulia
Azzarà, Cecilia
Saltini, Paola
Bartoloni, Alessandro
Casciato, Benedetta
Grillo, Chiara
Cibelli, Donatella Concetta
Boni, Silvia
Feasi, Marcello
Del Giacomo, Paola
Baldin, Gianmaria
D’Amico, Federico
Travi, Giovanna
Fasciana, Teresa
Catalisano, Giulia
Giarratano, Antonino
Baranello, Elena
Albagini, Margherita
Maci, Chiara
Castagna, Antonella
Grosso, Cecilia
Shbaklo, Nour
Momesso, Elena
Boffa, Nicoletta
Potenza, Elena
Scaglione, Vincenzo
Mengato, Daniele
Russo, Alessandro
Corsello, Ludovica
Serapide, Francesca
Rizzo, Monica
Asperges, Erika
Truffelli, Francesco
Sambo, Margherita
Giuliano, Gabriele
Fele, Francesco
Gullotta, Chiara
Campanella, Edoardo
Meloni, Maria Chiara
Boraso, Sabrina
Panese, Sandro
Bonazza, Aurora
Scolz, Kristian
Coppo, Erika
Berruti, Marco
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shionogi (2021-IIR-000047)
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Article History
Received: 12 May 2025
Accepted: 22 August 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The MULTI-SITA project was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of the coordinating centre (Liguria Region Ethics Committee, registry number 390/2020). The amendment authorising the conduct of the CEFI-SITA study within the MULTI-SITA project was approved by the Liguria Region Ethics Committee on 12 April 2022. The other participating centres followed the local ethical committees’ requirements and prospectively enrolled patients once activated. All conscious patients at enrolment signed an informed consent to participate in the study. A waiver of informed consent for data collection from unconscious patients at the time of enrolment due to severe clinical conditions was obtained within the Liguria Region Ethics Committee approval, in line with the observational nature of the analyses and in order not to bias research results towards high cure rates and low mortality prejudicing scientific validity.
: Not applicable.
: Outside the submitted work, Andrea Lombardi has received travel grant from Gilead Sciences, Takeda and Shionogi Inc., research grant from Gilead Sciences. Outside the submitted work, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe reports investigator-initiated grants from Pfizer, BioMérieux, and Gilead Italia, and speaker/advisor fees from Pfizer, Menarini, and Tillotts Pharma. Outside the submitted work, Matteo Bassetti has received funding for scientific advisory boards, travel, and speaker honoraria from Cidara, Gilead, Menarini, MSD, Mundipharma, Pfizer, and Shionogi. Outside the submitted work, Andrea Cortegiani received fees for lectures/scientific advisory board from Gilead, Mundipharma, MSD, Pfizer. Outside the submitted work, Enrico Maria Trecarichi reports advisor fee from MSD Italia.
