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Article History

Received: 5 January 2025

Accepted: 28 August 2025

First Online: 9 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (approval number: XYFY2024-KL401-01). The need for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University because this was a retrospective study that did not involve any intervention or additional risk to patients.This study strictly adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects (CIOMS). Compliance was maintained with China’s regulatory standards including: Ethical Review Measures for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans (National Health Commission, 2016), Good Clinical Practice for Drug Clinical Trials (NMPA, 2020), Good Clinical Practice for Medical Device Clinical Trials (2022), Administrative Measures for the Clinical Application of Medical Technologies (2018).

: Not applicable(Considering that this was a retrospective study with no relevant interventions, the Ethics Committee waived informed consent for individual patients.)

: The authors declare no competing interests.