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Authors
Ali, Rabab A.
Mohammedsaeed, Walaa A.
Fakher, Mohamed Hisham A.
Noor, Hala K.
Al Qurashi, Yasir M.
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Article History
Received: 11 July 2024
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: The Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health’s (MOH) General Administration for Research & Studies (IRB) and faculty of Applied Medical Sciences at Taibah University provided ethical approval (approved IRB-452, Date: 24/4/2020) for the study to be conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Since only leftover whole blood samples were utilized in the non-invasive study design, the ethical committee waived the need for written informed permission.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
